Thermal Management Challenges in EV Charging Stations
High-power fast charging generates intense heat due to energy conversion inefficiencies in both the charger and battery interfaces. For instance, a 120kW DC fast charger can dissipate over 15kW of waste heat during full operation, with multi-gun configurations (e.g., 4-gun 480kW systems) amplifying thermal loads exponentially. Unmanaged heat accelerates component aging (e.g., capacitor degradation, insulation breakdown) and elevates the risk of thermal runaway in batteries—an increasing concern as lithium-ion cells reach higher energy densities.
Compounding these issues are the spatial constraints of urban charging stations: tight enclosures, underground garages, and crowded parking lots leave little room for large cooling systems. Additionally, noise restrictions in residential or commercial areas (e.g., 60dB limits) and diverse power infrastructures (AC 220V/115V, DC 24V/48V/96V/312V) further complicate deployment. Traditional solutions fail to reconcile these demands, creating a gap for a compact, efficient, and adaptable cooling solution.